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Jurisdictions

United States

No federal preemption. A widening lattice of state statutes with incompatible definitions, staggered effective dates, and uncapped per-violation exposure.

Federal — EO 14409

The June 2, 2026 "voluntary" 30-day review places model documentation into the permanent federal record. Absence of history reads as evidence of negligence.

Colorado SB 24-205

The first comprehensive US state AI law. $20,000 per violation, uncapped — a single high-risk decision can eclipse a full year of structural coverage.

California SB 942 / AB 2013

Phased transparency and training-data disclosure obligations through 2026, with escalating per-day civil penalties for non-compliance.

The State Patchwork

Illinois, Texas, Utah and others define an "AI system", a "consequential decision", and a "deployer" differently. There is no federal layer to reconcile them.